The useful arts

Art \Art\ ([aum]rt), n. [F. art, L. ars, artis, orig., skill in
   joining or fitting; prob. akin to E. arm, aristocrat,
   article.]
   1. The employment of means to accomplish some desired end;
      the adaptation of things in the natural world to the uses
      of life; the application of knowledge or power to
      practical purposes.
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            Blest with each grace of nature and of art. --Pope.
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   2. A system of rules serving to facilitate the performance of
      certain actions; a system of principles and rules for
      attaining a desired end; method of doing well some special
      work; -- often contradistinguished from science or
      speculative principles; as, the art of building or
      engraving; the art of war; the art of navigation.
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            Science is systematized knowledge . . . Art is
            knowledge made efficient by skill.    --J. F.
                                                  Genung.
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   3. The systematic application of knowledge or skill in
      effecting a desired result. Also, an occupation or
      business requiring such knowledge or skill.
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            The fishermen can't employ their art with so much
            success in so troubled a sea.         --Addison.
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   4. The application of skill to the production of the
      beautiful by imitation or design, or an occupation in
      which skill is so employed, as in painting and sculpture;
      one of the fine arts; as, he prefers art to literature.
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   5. pl. Those branches of learning which are taught in the
      academical course of colleges; as, master of arts.
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            In fearless youth we tempt the heights of arts.
                                                  --Pope.
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            Four years spent in the arts (as they are called in
            colleges) is, perhaps, laying too laborious a
            foundation.                           --Goldsmith.
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   6. Learning; study; applied knowledge, science, or letters.
      [Archaic]
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            So vast is art, so narrow human wit.  --Pope.
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   7. Skill, dexterity, or the power of performing certain
      actions, acquired by experience, study, or observation;
      knack; as, a man has the art of managing his business to
      advantage.
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   8. Skillful plan; device.
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            They employed every art to soothe . . . the
            discontented warriors.                --Macaulay.
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   9. Cunning; artifice; craft.
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            Madam, I swear I use no art at all.   --Shak.
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            Animals practice art when opposed to their superiors
            in strength.                          --Crabb.
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   10. The black art; magic. [Obs.] --Shak.
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   {Art and part} (Scots Law), share or concern by aiding and
      abetting a criminal in the perpetration of a crime,
      whether by advice or by assistance in the execution;
      complicity.
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   Note: The arts are divided into various classes.

   {The useful arts},

   {The mechanical arts}, or

   {The industrial arts} are those in which the hands and body
      are more concerned than the mind; as in making clothes and
      utensils. These are called trades.

   {The fine arts} are those which have primarily to do with
      imagination and taste, and are applied to the production
      of what is beautiful. They include poetry, music,
      painting, engraving, sculpture, and architecture; but the
      term is often confined to painting, sculpture, and
      architecture.

   {The liberal arts} (artes liberales, the higher arts, which,
      among the Romans, only freemen were permitted to pursue)
      were, in the Middle Ages, these seven branches of
      learning, -- grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic,
      geometry, music, and astronomy. In modern times the
      liberal arts include the sciences, philosophy, history,
      etc., which compose the course of academical or collegiate
      education. Hence, degrees in the arts; master and bachelor
      of arts.
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            In America, literature and the elegant arts must
            grow up side by side with the coarser plants of
            daily necessity.                      --Irving.
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   Syn: Science; literature; aptitude; readiness; skill;
        dexterity; adroitness; contrivance; profession;
        business; trade; calling; cunning; artifice; duplicity.
        See {Science}.
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