Art and part

Art \Art\ ([aum]rt), n. [F. art, L. ars, artis, orig., skill in
   joining or fitting; prob. akin to E. arm, aristocrat,
   article.]
   1. The employment of means to accomplish some desired end;
      the adaptation of things in the natural world to the uses
      of life; the application of knowledge or power to
      practical purposes.
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            Blest with each grace of nature and of art. --Pope.
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   2. A system of rules serving to facilitate the performance of
      certain actions; a system of principles and rules for
      attaining a desired end; method of doing well some special
      work; -- often contradistinguished from science or
      speculative principles; as, the art of building or
      engraving; the art of war; the art of navigation.
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            Science is systematized knowledge . . . Art is
            knowledge made efficient by skill.    --J. F.
                                                  Genung.
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   3. The systematic application of knowledge or skill in
      effecting a desired result. Also, an occupation or
      business requiring such knowledge or skill.
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            The fishermen can't employ their art with so much
            success in so troubled a sea.         --Addison.
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   4. The application of skill to the production of the
      beautiful by imitation or design, or an occupation in
      which skill is so employed, as in painting and sculpture;
      one of the fine arts; as, he prefers art to literature.
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   5. pl. Those branches of learning which are taught in the
      academical course of colleges; as, master of arts.
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            In fearless youth we tempt the heights of arts.
                                                  --Pope.
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            Four years spent in the arts (as they are called in
            colleges) is, perhaps, laying too laborious a
            foundation.                           --Goldsmith.
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   6. Learning; study; applied knowledge, science, or letters.
      [Archaic]
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            So vast is art, so narrow human wit.  --Pope.
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   7. Skill, dexterity, or the power of performing certain
      actions, acquired by experience, study, or observation;
      knack; as, a man has the art of managing his business to
      advantage.
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   8. Skillful plan; device.
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            They employed every art to soothe . . . the
            discontented warriors.                --Macaulay.
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   9. Cunning; artifice; craft.
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            Madam, I swear I use no art at all.   --Shak.
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            Animals practice art when opposed to their superiors
            in strength.                          --Crabb.
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   10. The black art; magic. [Obs.] --Shak.
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   {Art and part} (Scots Law), share or concern by aiding and
      abetting a criminal in the perpetration of a crime,
      whether by advice or by assistance in the execution;
      complicity.
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   Note: The arts are divided into various classes.

   {The useful arts},

   {The mechanical arts}, or

   {The industrial arts} are those in which the hands and body
      are more concerned than the mind; as in making clothes and
      utensils. These are called trades.

   {The fine arts} are those which have primarily to do with
      imagination and taste, and are applied to the production
      of what is beautiful. They include poetry, music,
      painting, engraving, sculpture, and architecture; but the
      term is often confined to painting, sculpture, and
      architecture.

   {The liberal arts} (artes liberales, the higher arts, which,
      among the Romans, only freemen were permitted to pursue)
      were, in the Middle Ages, these seven branches of
      learning, -- grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic,
      geometry, music, and astronomy. In modern times the
      liberal arts include the sciences, philosophy, history,
      etc., which compose the course of academical or collegiate
      education. Hence, degrees in the arts; master and bachelor
      of arts.
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            In America, literature and the elegant arts must
            grow up side by side with the coarser plants of
            daily necessity.                      --Irving.
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   Syn: Science; literature; aptitude; readiness; skill;
        dexterity; adroitness; contrivance; profession;
        business; trade; calling; cunning; artifice; duplicity.
        See {Science}.
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ART AND PART, Scotch law. Where one is accessory to a crime committed by
another; a person may be guilty, art and part, either by giving advice or
counsel to commit the crime; or, 2, by giving warrant or mandate to commit
it; or, 3, by actually assisting the criminal in the execution.
     2. In the more atrocious crimes, it seems agreed, that the adviser is
equally punishable with the criminal and that in the slighter offences, the
circumstances arising from the adviser's lesser age, the jocular or careless
manner of giving the advice, &c., may be received as pleas for softening the
punishment.
     3. One who gives a mandate to commit a crime, as he is the first spring
of the action, seems more guilty than the person employed as the instrument
in executing it.
     4. Assistance may be given to the committer of a crime, not only in the
actual execution, but previous to it, by furnishing him, with a criminal
intent, with poison, arms, or other means of perpetrating it. That sort of
assistance which is not given till after the criminal act, and which is
commonly called abetting, though it be itself criminal, does not infer art
and part of the principal crime. Ersk. Pr. L; Scot. 4, 4, 4 ; Mack. Cr.
Treat. tit. Art and Part.