from
Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Ed (1856)
DUELLING, crim. law. The fighting of two persons, one against the other, at
an appointed time and place, upon a precedent quarrel. It differs from an
array in this, that the latter occurs on a sudden quarrel, while the former
is always the result of design.
2. When one of the parties is killed, the survivor is guilty of murder.
1 Russ. on Cr. 443; 1 Yerger's R. 228. Fighting a duel, even where there is
no fatal result, is, of itself, a misdemeanor. Vide 2 Com. Dig. 252;
Roscoe's Cr. Ev. 610; 2 Chit. Cr. Law, 728; Id. 848; Com. Dig. Battel, B; 3
Inst. 157; 6 East, 464 Hawk. B. 1, c. 31, s. 21; 3 East, R. 581 3 Bulst. 171
4 Bl. Com. 199 Prin. Pen. Law, c. 19, p 245; Const. R. 107; 1 Stew. R. 506;
20 John. 457; 3 Cowen, 686. For cases of mutual combat, upon a sudden
quarrel, Vide 1 Russ. on Cr. 495.