from
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Year \Year\, n. [OE. yer, yeer, [yogh]er, AS. ge['a]r; akin to
OFries. i?r, g?r, D. jaar, OHG. j[=a]r, G. jahr, Icel. [=a]r,
Dan. aar, Sw. [*a]r, Goth. j?r, Gr. ? a season of the year,
springtime, a part of the day, an hour, ? a year, Zend
y[=a]re year. [root]4, 279. Cf. {Hour}, {Yore}.]
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1. The time of the apparent revolution of the sun trough the
ecliptic; the period occupied by the earth in making its
revolution around the sun, called the astronomical year;
also, a period more or less nearly agreeing with this,
adopted by various nations as a measure of time, and
called the civil year; as, the common lunar year of 354
days, still in use among the Mohammedans; the year of 360
days, etc. In common usage, the year consists of 365 days,
and every fourth year (called bissextile, or leap year) of
366 days, a day being added to February on that year, on
account of the excess above 365 days (see {Bissextile}).
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Of twenty year of age he was, I guess. --Chaucer.
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Note: The civil, or legal, year, in England, formerly
commenced on the 25th of March. This practice continued
throughout the British dominions till the year 1752.
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2. The time in which any planet completes a revolution about
the sun; as, the year of Jupiter or of Saturn.
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3. pl. Age, or old age; as, a man in years. --Shak.
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{Anomalistic year}, the time of the earth's revolution from
perihelion to perihelion again, which is 365 days, 6
hours, 13 minutes, and 48 seconds.
{A year's mind} (Eccl.), a commemoration of a deceased
person, as by a Mass, a year after his death. Cf. {A
month's mind}, under {Month}.
{Bissextile year}. See {Bissextile}.
{Canicular year}. See under {Canicular}.
{Civil year}, the year adopted by any nation for the
computation of time.
{Common lunar year}, the period of 12 lunar months, or 354
days.
{Common year}, each year of 365 days, as distinguished from
leap year.
{Embolismic year}, or {Intercalary lunar year}, the period of
13 lunar months, or 384 days.
{Fiscal year} (Com.), the year by which accounts are
reckoned, or the year between one annual time of
settlement, or balancing of accounts, and another.
{Great year}. See {Platonic year}, under {Platonic}.
{Gregorian year}, {Julian year}. See under {Gregorian}, and
{Julian}.
{Leap year}. See {Leap year}, in the Vocabulary.
{Lunar astronomical year}, the period of 12 lunar synodical
months, or 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, 36 seconds.
{Lunisolar year}. See under {Lunisolar}.
{Periodical year}. See {Anomalistic year}, above.
{Platonic year}, {Sabbatical year}. See under {Platonic}, and
{Sabbatical}.
{Sidereal year}, the time in which the sun, departing from
any fixed star, returns to the same. This is 365 days, 6
hours, 9 minutes, and 9.3 seconds.
{Tropical year}. See under {Tropical}.
{Year and a day} (O. Eng. Law), a time to be allowed for an
act or an event, in order that an entire year might be
secured beyond all question. --Abbott.
{Year of grace}, any year of the Christian era; Anno Domini;
A. D. or a. d.
[1913 Webster] year 2000 bug
from
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Civil \Civ"il\, a. [L. civilis, fr. civis citizen: cf. F. civil.
See {City}.]
1. Pertaining to a city or state, or to a citizen in his
relations to his fellow citizens or to the state; within
the city or state.
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2. Subject to government; reduced to order; civilized; not
barbarous; -- said of the community.
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England was very rude and barbarous; for it is but
even the other day since England grew civil.
--Spenser.
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3. Performing the duties of a citizen; obedient to
government; -- said of an individual.
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Civil men come nearer the saints of God than others;
they come within a step or two of heaven. --Preston
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4. Having the manners of one dwelling in a city, as opposed
to those of savages or rustics; polite; courteous;
complaisant; affable.
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Note: "A civil man now is one observant of slight external
courtesies in the mutual intercourse between man and
man; a civil man once was one who fulfilled all the
duties and obligations flowing from his position as a
'civis' and his relations to the other members of that
'civitas.'" --Trench
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5. Pertaining to civic life and affairs, in distinction from
military, ecclesiastical, or official state.
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6. Relating to rights and remedies sought by action or suit
distinct from criminal proceedings.
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{Civil action}, an action to enforce the rights or redress
the wrongs of an individual, not involving a criminal
proceeding.
{Civil architecture}, the architecture which is employed in
constructing buildings for the purposes of civil life, in
distinction from military and naval architecture, as
private houses, palaces, churches, etc.
{Civil death}. (Law.) See under {Death}.
{Civil engineering}. See under {Engineering}.
{Civil law}. See under {Law}.
{Civil list}. See under {List}.
{Civil remedy} (Law), that given to a person injured, by
action, as opposed to a criminal prosecution.
{Civil service}, all service rendered to and paid for by the
state or nation other than that pertaining to naval or
military affairs.
{Civil service reform}, the substitution of business
principles and methods for the spoils system in the
conduct of the civil service, esp. in the matter of
appointments to office.
{Civil state}, the whole body of the laity or citizens not
included under the military, maritime, and ecclesiastical
states.
{Civil suit}. Same as {Civil action}.
{Civil war}. See under {War}.
{Civil year}. See under {Year}.
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