Hedgehog rat

Rat \Rat\ (r[a^]t), n. [AS. r[ae]t; akin to D. rat, OHG. rato,
   ratta, G. ratte, ratze, OLG. ratta, LG. & Dan. rotte, Sw.
   r[*a]tta, F. rat, Ir. & Gael radan, Armor. raz, of unknown
   origin. Cf. {Raccoon}.]
   1. (Zool.) One of several species of small rodents of the
      genus {Rattus} (formerly included in {Mus}) and allied
      genera, of the family {Muridae}, distinguished from mice
      primarily by being larger. They infest houses, stores, and
      ships, especially the Norway rat, also called {brown rat},
      ({Rattus norvegicus} formerly {Mus decumanus}), the black
      rat ({Rattus rattus} formerly {Mus rattus}), and the roof
      rat (formerly {Mus Alexandrinus}, now included in {Rattus
      rattus}). These were introduced into America from the Old
      World. The white rat used most commonly in laboratories is
      primarily a strain derived from {Rattus rattus}.
      [1913 Webster +PJC]

   2. A round and tapering mass of hair, or similar material,
      used by women to support the puffs and rolls of their
      natural hair. [Local, U.S.]
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   3. One who deserts his party or associates; hence, in the
      trades, one who works for lower wages than those
      prescribed by a trades union. [Cant]
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   Note: "It so chanced that, not long after the accession of
         the house of Hanover, some of the brown, that is the
         German or Norway, rats, were first brought over to this
         country (in some timber as is said); and being much
         stronger than the black, or, till then, the common,
         rats, they in many places quite extirpated the latter.
         The word (both the noun and the verb to rat) was first,
         as we have seen, leveled at the converts to the
         government of George the First, but has by degrees
         obtained a wider meaning, and come to be applied to any
         sudden and mercenary change in politics." --Lord Mahon.
         [1913 Webster]

   {Bamboo rat} (Zool.), any Indian rodent of the genus
      {Rhizomys}.

   {Beaver rat}, {Coast rat}. (Zool.) See under {Beaver} and
      {Coast}.

   {Blind rat} (Zool.), the mole rat.

   {Cotton rat} (Zool.), a long-haired rat ({Sigmodon
      hispidus}), native of the Southern United States and
      Mexico. It makes its nest of cotton and is often injurious
      to the crop.

   {Ground rat}. See {Ground Pig}, under {Ground}.

   {Hedgehog rat}. See under {Hedgehog}.

   {Kangaroo rat} (Zool.), the potoroo.

   {Norway rat} (Zool.), the common brown rat. See {Rat}.

   {Pouched rat}. (Zool.)
      (a) See {Pocket Gopher}, under {Pocket}.
      (b) Any African rodent of the genus {Cricetomys}.

   {Rat Indians} (Ethnol.), a tribe of Indians dwelling near
      Fort Ukon, Alaska. They belong to the Athabascan stock.

   {Rat mole}. (Zool.) See {Mole rat}, under {Mole}.

   {Rat pit}, an inclosed space into which rats are put to be
      killed by a dog for sport.

   {Rat snake} (Zool.), a large colubrine snake ({Ptyas
      mucosus}) very common in India and Ceylon. It enters
      dwellings, and destroys rats, chickens, etc.

   {Spiny rat} (Zool.), any South American rodent of the genus
      {Echinomys}.

   {To smell a rat}. See under {Smell}.

   {Wood rat} (Zool.), any American rat of the genus {Neotoma},
      especially {Neotoma Floridana}, common in the Southern
      United States. Its feet and belly are white.
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Hedgehog \Hedge"hog`\, n.
   1. (Zool.) A small European insectivore ({Erinaceus
      Europ[ae]us}), and other allied species of Asia and
      Africa, having the hair on the upper part of its body
      mixed with prickles or spines. It is able to roll itself
      into a ball so as to present the spines outwardly in every
      direction. It is nocturnal in its habits, feeding chiefly
      upon insects.
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   2. (Zool.) The Canadian porcupine.[U.S]
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   3. (Bot.) A species of {Medicago} ({Medicago intertexta}),
      the pods of which are armed with short spines; --
      popularly so called. --Loudon.
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   4. A form of dredging machine. --Knight.
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   5. (Elec.) A variety of transformer with open magnetic
      circuit, the ends of the iron wire core being turned
      outward and presenting a bristling appearance, whence the
      name.
      [Webster 1913 Suppl.]

   6. (Mil.) a defensive obstacle having pointed barbs extending
      outward, such as one composed of crossed logs with barbed
      wire wound around them, or a tangle of steel beams
      embedded in concrete used to impede or damage landing
      craft on a beach; also, a position well-fortified with
      such defensive obstacles.
      [PJC]

   {Hedgehog caterpillar} (Zool.), the hairy larv[ae] of several
      species of bombycid moths, as of the Isabella moth. It
      curls up like a hedgehog when disturbed. See {Woolly
      bear}, and {Isabella moth}.

   {Hedgehog fish} (Zool.), any spinose plectognath fish, esp.
      of the genus {Diodon}; the porcupine fish.

   {Hedgehog grass} (Bot.), a grass with spiny involucres,
      growing on sandy shores; burgrass ({Cenchrus
      tribuloides}).

   {Hedgehog rat} (Zool.), one of several West Indian rodents,
      allied to the porcupines, but with ratlike tails, and few
      quills, or only stiff bristles. The hedgehog rats belong
      to {Capromys}, {Plagiodon}, and allied genera.

   {Hedgehog shell} (Zool.), any spinose, marine, univalve shell
      of the genus {Murex}.

   {Hedgehog thistle} (Bot.), a plant of the Cactus family,
      globular in form, and covered with spines
      ({Echinocactus}).

   {Sea hedgehog}. See {Diodon}.
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