solar phosphori

Solar \So"lar\, a. [L. solaris, fr. sol the sun; akin to As.
   s[=o]l, Icel. s[=o]l, Goth. sauil, Lith. saule, W. haul,.
   sul, Skr. svar, perhaps to E. sun:F. solaire. Cf. {Parasol}.
   {Sun}.]
   1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; as,
      the solar system; solar light; solar rays; solar
      influence. See {Solar system}, below.
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   2. (Astrol.) Born under the predominant influence of the sun.
      [Obs.]
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            And proud beside, as solar people are. --Dryden.
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   3. Measured by the progress or revolution of the sun in the
      ecliptic; as, the solar year.
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   4. Produced by the action of the sun, or peculiarly affected
      by its influence.
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            They denominate some herbs solar, and some lunar.
                                                  --Bacon.
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   {Solar cycle}. See under {Cycle}.

   {Solar day}. See {Day}, 2.

   {Solar engine}, an engine in which the energy of solar heat
      is used to produce motion, as in evaporating water for a
      steam engine, or expanding air for an air engine.

   {Solar flowers} (Bot.), flowers which open and shut daily at
      certain hours.

   {Solar lamp}, an argand lamp.

   {Solar microscope}, a microscope consisting essentially,
      first, of a mirror for reflecting a beam of sunlight
      through the tube, which sometimes is fixed in a window
      shutter; secondly, of a condenser, or large lens, for
      converging the beam upon the object; and, thirdly, of a
      small lens, or magnifier, for throwing an enlarged image
      of the object at its focus upon a screen in a dark room or
      in a darkened box.
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   {Solar month}. See under {Month}.

   {Solar oil}, a paraffin oil used an illuminant and lubricant.
      

   {Solar phosphori} (Physics), certain substances, as the
      diamond, siulphide of barium (Bolognese or Bologna
      phosphorus), calcium sulphide, etc., which become
      phosphorescent, and shine in the dark, after exposure to
      sunlight or other intense light.

   {Solar plexus} (Anat.), a nervous plexus situated in the
      dorsal and anterior part of the abdomen, consisting of
      several sympathetic ganglia with connecting and radiating
      nerve fibers; -- so called in allusion to the radiating
      nerve fibers.

   {Solar spots}. See {Sun spots}, under {Sun}.

   {Solar system} (Astron.), the sun, with the group of
      celestial bodies which, held by its attraction, revolve
      round it. The system comprises the major planets, with
      their satellites; the minor planets, or asteroids, and the
      comets; also, the meteorids, the matter that furnishes the
      zodiacal light, and the rings of Saturn. The satellites
      that revolve about the major planets are twenty-two in
      number, of which the Earth has one (see {Moon}.), Mars
      two, Jupiter five, Saturn nine, Uranus four, and Neptune
      one. The asteroids, between Mars and Jupiter, thus far
      discovered (1900), number about five hundred, the first
      four of which were found near the beginning of the
      century, and are called Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta.
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   Note: The principal elements of the major planets, and of the
         comets seen at more than one perihelion passage, are
         exhibited in the following tables: 
         [1913 Webster] I. -- Major Planets. Symbol.Name.Mean
         distance -- that of the Earth being unity.Period in
         days.Eccentricity.Inclination of orbit.Diameter in
         miles ?????????????????????
         [1913 Webster] II. -- Periodic Comets. Name.Greatest
         distance from sun.Least distance from sun.Inclination
         of orbit.Perihelion passage. [deg] [min] 54
         Encke's3.314.100.34212 541885.2 ?????????????????????
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   {Solar telegraph}, telegraph for signaling by flashes of
      reflected sunlight.

   {Solar time}. See {Apparent time}, under {Time}.
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Phosphorus \Phos"phor*us\ (f[o^]s"f[o^]r*[u^]s), n.; pl.
   {Phosphori} (f[o^]s"f[o^]r*[imac]). [L., the morning star,
   Gr. fwsfo`ros, lit., light bringer; fw^s light + fe`rein to
   bring.]
   1. The morning star; Phosphor.
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   2. (Chem.) A poisonous nonmetallic element of the nitrogen
      group, obtained as a white, or yellowish, translucent waxy
      substance, having a characteristic disagreeable smell;
      this waxy allotropic form is also called {yellow
      phosphorus}, to distinguish it from another allotropic
      form, {red phosphorus}. It is very active chemically, must
      be preserved under water, and unites with oxygen even at
      ordinary temperatures, giving a faint glow, -- whence its
      name. It always occurs combined, usually in phosphates, as
      in the mineral apatite, in bones, etc. It is used in the
      composition on the tips of friction matches, and for many
      other purposes. It is an essential component of the
      genetic material of all living organisms. The molecule
      contains four atoms. Symbol P. Atomic weight 31.0.
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   3. (Chem.) Hence, any substance which shines in the dark like
      phosphorus, as certain phosphorescent bodies.
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   {Bologna phosphorus} (Chem.), sulphide of barium, which
      shines in the dark after exposure to light; -- so called
      because this property was discovered by a resident of
      Bologna. The term is sometimes applied to other compounds
      having similar properties.

   {Metallic phosphorus} (Chem.), an allotropic modification of
      phosphorus, obtained as a gray metallic crystalline
      substance, having very inert chemical properties. It is
      obtained by heating ordinary phosphorus in a closed vessel
      at a high temperature.

   {Phosphorus disease} (Med.), a disease common among workers
      in phosphorus, giving rise to necrosis of the jawbone, and
      other symptoms.

   {Red phosphorus}, or {Amorphous phosphorus} (Chem.), an
      allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a dark
      red powder by heating ordinary phosphorus in closed
      vessels. It is not poisonous, is not phosphorescent, and
      is only moderately active chemically. It is valuable as a
      chemical reagent, and is used in the composition of the
      friction surface on which safety matches are ignited.

   {Solar phosphori} (Chem.), phosphorescent substances which
      shine in the dark after exposure to the sunlight or other
      intense light.

   {yellow phosphorus} (Chem.), the waxy yellow allotropic form
      of elemental phosphorus. See also {phosphorus}[2].
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