from
CIA World Factbook 2006
Monaco
Introduction
Background: The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present-day
Monaco in 1215. The current ruling Grimaldi family
secured control in the late 13th century, and a
principality was established in 1338. Economic
development was spurred in the late 19th century with a
railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino.
Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid
scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world
famous as a tourist and recreation center.
Geography
Location: Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the
southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
Geographic 43 44 N, 7 24 E
coordinates:
Map Europe
references:
Area: total: 1.95 sq km
land: 1.95 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - about three times the size of The Mall in Washington,
comparative: DC
Land total: 4.4 km
boundaries: border countries: France 4.4 km
Coastline: 4.1 km
Maritime territorial sea: 12 nm
claims:
Climate: Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry
summers
Terrain: hilly, rugged, rocky
Elevation lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
extremes: highest point: Mont Agel 140 m
Natural none
resources:
Land use: arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (urban area) (2005)
Irrigated NA
land:
Natural NA
hazards:
Environment - NA
current
issues:
Environment - party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic
international Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
agreements: Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection,
Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Geography - second-smallest independent state in the world (after
note: Holy See); almost entirely urban
People
Population: 32,543 (July 2006 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 15.2% (male 2,539/female 2,417)
15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,959/female 10,266)
65 years and over: 22.6% (male 3,015/female 4,347)
(2006 est.)
Median age: total: 45.4 years
male: 43.3 years
female: 47.3 years (2006 est.)
Population 0.4% (2006 est.)
growth rate:
Birth rate: 9.19 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Death rate: 12.91 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Net migration 7.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
rate:
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Infant total: 5.35 deaths/1,000 live births
mortality male: 6.19 deaths/1,000 live births
rate: female: 4.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Life total population: 79.69 years
expectancy at male: 75.85 years
birth: female: 83.74 years (2006 est.)
Total 1.76 children born/woman (2006 est.)
fertility
rate:
HIV/AIDS - NA
adult
prevalence
rate:
HIV/AIDS - NA
people living
with HIV/AIDS:
HIV/AIDS - NA
deaths:
Nationality: noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
Ethnic groups: French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
Religions: Roman Catholic 90%
Languages: French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99%
male: 99%
female: 99% (2003 est.)
Government
Country name: conventional long form: Principality of Monaco
conventional short form: Monaco
local long form: Principaute de Monaco
local short form: Monaco
Government constitutional monarchy
type:
Capital: name: Monaco
geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC
during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in
March; ends last Sunday in October
Administrative none; there are no first-order administrative divisions
divisions: as defined by the US Government, but there are four
quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille,
La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
Independence: 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)
National National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November
holiday:
Constitution: 17 December 1962
Legal system: based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)
branch: head of government: Minister of State Jean-Paul PROUST
(since 1 June 2005)
cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority
of the monarch
elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; minister
of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three
French national candidates presented by the French
Government
Legislative unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24
branch: seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by
proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be held
February 2008)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats
by party - UNAM 21, UND 3
Judicial Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by
branch: the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National
Council)
Political National and Democratic Union or UND [Guy MAGNAN];
parties and Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for
leaders: the Future of Monaco or UNAM)
Political NA
pressure
groups and
leaders:
International ACCT, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM,
organization IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, OIF, OPCW,
participation: OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WToO
Diplomatic Monaco does not have an embassy in the US
representation consulate(s) general: New York
in the US:
Diplomatic the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US
representation Consul General in Marseille (France) under the
from the US: authority of the US ambassador to France is accredited
to Monaco
Flag two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white;
description: similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and
the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red
Economy
Economy - Monaco, bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is
overview: a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and
pleasant climate. In 2001, a major construction project
extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main
harbor. The principality has successfully sought to
diversify into services and small, high-value-added,
nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax
and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both
for individuals who have established residence and for
foreign companies that have set up businesses and
offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of
sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and
the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly
comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan
areas.
GDP $870 million
(purchasing note: Monaco does not publish national income figures;
power parity): the estimates are extremely rough (2000 est.)
GDP (official NA
exchange
rate):
GDP - real 0.9% (2000 est.)
growth rate:
GDP - per $27,000 (2000 est.)
capita (PPP):
GDP - agriculture: 17%
composition by industry: NA%
sector: services: NA%
Labor force: 41,110
note: includes workers from all foreign countries
(2004)
Unemployment 22% (1999)
rate:
Population NA%
below poverty
line:
Household lowest 10%: NA%
income or highest 10%: NA%
consumption by
percentage
share:
Inflation rate 1.9% (2000)
(consumer
prices):
Budget: revenues: $719.2 million
expenditures: $864.1 million; including capital
expenditures of $283.1 million (2004)
Agriculture - none
products:
Industries: tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and
consumer products
Industrial NA%
production
growth rate:
Electricity - NA kWh
consumption:
Electricity - NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France
imports:
Exports: $656.5 million $NA
note: full customs integration with France, which
collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also
participates in EU market system through customs union
with France
Imports: $636.6 million $NA
note: full customs integration with France, which
collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also
participates in EU market system through customs union
with France
Debt - $18 billion (2000 est.)
external:
Economic aid - $NA
recipient:
Currency euro (EUR)
(code):
Currency code: EUR
Exchange euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004),
rates: 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Telephones - 33,700 (2002)
main lines in
use:
Telephones - 19,300 (2002)
mobile
cellular:
Telephone general assessment: modern automatic telephone system
system: domestic: NA
international: country code - 377; no satellite earth
stations; connected by cable into the French
communications system
Radio AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998)
broadcast
stations:
Radios: 34,000 (1997)
Television 5 (1998)
broadcast
stations:
Televisions: 25,000 (1997)
Internet .mc
country code:
Internet 12,720 (2006)
hosts:
Internet 2 (2000)
Service
Providers
(ISPs):
Internet 16,000 (2002)
users:
Transportation
Heliports: 1 (2006)
Roadways: total: 50 km
paved: 50 km (1999)
Merchant registered in other countries: 77 (Bahamas 17, Barbados
marine: 1, Bermuda 2, France 1, Georgia 13, Isle of Man 3,
Liberia 10, Malta 1, Marshall Islands 8, Norway 4,
Panama 9, Saint Kitts and Nevis 1, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines 4, Switzerland 2, unknown 1) (2006)
Ports and Monaco
terminals:
Military
Manpower males age 18-49: 6,256 (2005 est.)
available for
military
service:
Manpower fit males age 18-49: 4,971 (2005 est.)
for military
service:
Manpower males age 18-49: 148 (2005 est.)
reaching
military
service age
annually:
Military - defense is the responsibility of France; the Palace
note: Guard performs ceremonial duties (2003)
Transnational
Issues
Disputes - none
international: