Michigan Algorithm Decoder <language> (MAD) An early programming language, based on {IAL}, developed at the University of Michigan by R. Graham, Bruce Arden, and Bernard Galler in 1959. MAD was one of the first {extensible languages}: the user could define his own {operators} and {data types}. MAD ran on the {IBM 704}, {IBM 709} and {IBM 7090}. It was ported to the {IBM 7040} at the City College of New York by Robert Teitel and also to {Philco}, {Univac} and {CDC} computers. {Mad/1} was a later version. ["Michigan Algorithm Decoder (The MAD Manual)", U Michigan Computing Center, 1966]. [Sammet 1969, p. 205]. (2005-02-09)