arithmetical compliment of a logarithm

Complement \Com"ple*ment\, n. [L. complementun: cf. F.
   compl['e]ment. See {Complete}, v. t., and cf. {Compliment}.]
   1. That which fills up or completes; the quantity or number
      required to fill a thing or make it complete.
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   2. That which is required to supply a deficiency, or to
      complete a symmetrical whole.
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            History is the complement of poetry.  --Sir J.
                                                  Stephen.
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   3. Full quantity, number, or amount; a complete set;
      completeness.
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            To exceed his complement and number appointed him
            which was one hundred and twenty persons. --Hakluyt.
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   4. (Math.) A second quantity added to a given quantity to
      make it equal to a third given quantity.
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   5. Something added for ornamentation; an accessory. [Obs.]
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            Without vain art or curious complements. --Spenser.
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   6. (Naut.) The whole working force of a vessel.
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   7. (Mus.) The interval wanting to complete the octave; -- the
      fourth is the complement of the fifth, the sixth of the
      third.
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   8. A compliment. [Obs.] --Shak.
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   {Arithmetical compliment of a logarithm}. See under
      {Logarithm}.

   {Arithmetical complement of a number} (Math.), the difference
      between that number and the next higher power of 10; as, 4
      is the complement of 6, and 16 of 84.

   {Complement of an arc} or {Complement of an angle} (Geom.),
      the difference between that arc or angle and 90[deg].

   {Complement of a parallelogram}. (Math.) See {Gnomon}.

   {In her complement} (Her.), said of the moon when represented
      as full.
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