from
CIA World Factbook 2006
Andorra
Introduction
Background: For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under
a unique co-principality, ruled by French and Spanish
leaders (from 1607 onward, the French chief of state
and the Spanish bishop of Urgel). In 1993, this feudal
system was modified with the titular heads of state
retained, but the government transformed into a
parliamentary democracy. Long isolated and
impoverished, mountainous Andorra achieved considerable
prosperity since World War II through its tourist
industry. Many immigrants (legal and illegal) are
attracted to the thriving economy with its lack of
income taxes.
Geography
Location: Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain
Geographic 42 30 N, 1 30 E
coordinates:
Map Europe
references:
Area: total: 468 sq km
land: 468 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC
comparative:
Land total: 120.3 km
boundaries: border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km
Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)
Maritime none (landlocked)
claims:
Climate: temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers
Terrain: rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys
Elevation lowest point: Riu Runer 840 m
extremes: highest point: Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m
Natural hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead
resources:
Land use: arable land: 2.13%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 97.87% (2005)
Irrigated NA
land:
Natural avalanches
hazards:
Environment - deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows
current contributes to soil erosion; air pollution; wastewater
issues: treatment and solid waste disposal
Environment - party to: Hazardous Wastes
international signed, but not ratified: none of the selected
agreements: agreements
Geography - landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads
note: in the Pyrenees
People
Population: 71,201 (July 2006 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 14.7% (male 5,456/female 4,994)
15-64 years: 71.4% (male 26,632/female 24,172)
65 years and over: 14% (male 4,918/female 5,029) (2006
est.)
Median age: total: 40.9 years
male: 41.2 years
female: 40.7 years (2006 est.)
Population 0.89% (2006 est.)
growth rate:
Birth rate: 8.71 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Death rate: 6.25 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Net migration 6.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
rate:
Sex ratio: at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.98 male(s)/female
total population: 1.08 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Infant total: 4.04 deaths/1,000 live births
mortality male: 4.38 deaths/1,000 live births
rate: female: 3.68 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Life total population: 83.51 years
expectancy at male: 80.61 years
birth: female: 86.61 years (2006 est.)
Total 1.3 children born/woman (2006 est.)
fertility
rate:
HIV/AIDS - NA
adult
prevalence
rate:
HIV/AIDS - NA
people living
with HIV/AIDS:
HIV/AIDS - NA
deaths:
Nationality: noun: Andorran(s)
adjective: Andorran
Ethnic groups: Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%,
other 6% (1998)
Religions: Roman Catholic (predominant)
Languages: Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese
Literacy: definition: NA
total population: 100%
male: 100%
female: 100%
Government
Country name: conventional long form: Principality of Andorra
conventional short form: Andorra
local long form: Principat d'Andorra
local short form: Andorra
Government parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains
type: as its chiefs of state a coprincipality; the two
princes are the president of France and bishop of Seo
de Urgel, Spain, who are represented locally by
coprinces' representatives
Capital: name: Andorra la Vella
geographic coordinates: 42 30 N, 1 30 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC
during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in
March; ends last Sunday in October
Administrative 7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra
divisions: la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, Escaldes-Engordany, La
Massana, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria
Independence: 1278 (formed under the joint suzerainty of the French
count of Foix and the Spanish bishop of Urgel)
National Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278)
holiday:
Constitution: Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in
1991, approved by referendum 14 March 1993, effective 4
May 1993
Legal system: based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial
review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction
Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal
Executive chief of state: French Coprince Jacques CHIRAC (since
branch: 17 May 1995), represented by Philippe MASSONI (since 26
July 2002); Spanish Coprince Bishop Joan Enric VIVES i
SICILIA (since 12 May 2003), represented by Nemesi
MARQUES i OSTE (since NA)
head of government: Executive Council President Albert
PINTAT SANTOLARIA (since 27 May 2005)
cabinet: Executive Council or Govern designated by the
Executive Council president
elections: Executive Council president elected by the
General Council and formally appointed by the coprinces
for a four-year term; election last held 24 April 2005
(next to be held April-May 2009)
election results: Albert PINTAT SANTOLARIA elected
executive council president; percent of General Council
vote - NA
Legislative unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell
branch: General de las Valls (28 seats; members are elected by
direct popular vote, 14 from a single national
constituency and 14 to represent each of the seven
parishes; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 24 April 2005 (next to be held
March-April 2009)
election results: percent of vote by party - PLA 41.2%,
PS 38.1%, CDA-S21 11%, other 9.7%; seats by party - PLA
14, PS 12, CDA-S21 2
Judicial Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of
branch: the Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of
Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de Justicia
d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice or Consell
Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri
Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal
Constitucional
Political Andorran Democratic Center Party or CDA (formerly
parties and Democratic Party or PD); Century 21 or S21 [Enric
leaders: TARRADO]; Liberal Party of Andorra or PLA (formerly
Liberal Union or UL) [Albert PINTAT]; Social Democratic
Party or PS (formerly part of National Democratic Group
or AND) [Jaume BARTUMEU CASSANY]
Political NA
pressure
groups and
leaders:
International CE, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU,
organization OIF, OIF (associate member), OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD,
participation: UNESCO, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTO (observer)
Diplomatic chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge
representation d'Affaires Jelena V. PIA-COMELLA
in the US: chancery: 2 United Nations Plaza, 25th Floor, New York,
NY 10017
telephone: [1] (212) 750-8064
FAX: [1] (212) 750-6630
Diplomatic the US does not have an embassy in Andorra; the US
representation Ambassador to Spain is accredited to Andorra; US
from the US: interests in Andorra are represented by the Consulate
General's office in Barcelona (Spain); mailing address:
Paseo Reina Elisenda de Montcada, 23, 08034 Barcelona,
Spain; telephone: [34] (3) 280-2227; FAX: [34] (3)
205-5206
Flag three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side),
description: yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered
in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a
quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and
Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in
the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a
national emblem
Economy
Economy - Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do
overview: economy, accounts for more than 80% of GDP. An
estimated 11.6 million tourists visit annually,
attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its
summer and winter resorts. Andorra's comparative
advantage has recently eroded as the economies of
neighboring France and Spain have been opened up,
providing broader availability of goods and lower
tariffs. The banking sector, with its partial "tax
haven" status, also contributes substantially to the
economy. Agricultural production is limited - only 2%
of the land is arable - and most food has to be
imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep
raising. Manufacturing output consists mainly of
cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Andorra is a member
of the EU Customs Union and is treated as an EU member
for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a
non-EU member for agricultural products.
GDP $1.84 billion (2004)
(purchasing
power parity):
GDP (official NA
exchange
rate):
GDP - real 4% (2004 est.)
growth rate:
GDP - per $24,000 (2004)
capita (PPP):
GDP - agriculture: NA%
composition by industry: NA%
sector: services: NA%
Labor force: 48,740 (2004)
Labor force - agriculture: 0.34%
by occupation: industry: 19.63%
services: 80.03% (2004)
Unemployment 0% (1996 est.)
rate:
Population NA%
below poverty
line:
Household lowest 10%: NA%
income or highest 10%: NA%
consumption by
percentage
share:
Inflation rate 3.4% (2004)
(consumer
prices):
Budget: revenues: $373.5 million
expenditures: $373.5 million; including capital
expenditures of $NA (2004)
Agriculture - small quantities of rye, wheat, barley, oats,
products: vegetables; sheep
Industries: tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber,
banking
Industrial NA%
production
growth rate:
Electricity - NA kWh
production:
Electricity - NA
production by
source:
Electricity - NA kWh
consumption:
Electricity - NA kWh
exports:
Electricity - NA kWh; note - most electricity supplied by Spain and
imports: France; Andorra generates a small amount of hydropower
Exports: $145 million f.o.b. (2004)
Exports - tobacco products, furniture
commodities:
Exports - Spain 58%, France 34% (2004)
partners:
Imports: $1.077 billion (1998)
Imports - consumer goods, food, electricity
commodities:
Imports - Spain 51.5%, France 22.3%, US 0.3% (2004)
partners:
Debt - $NA
external:
Economic aid - none
recipient:
Currency euro (EUR)
(code):
Currency code: EUR
Exchange euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004),
rates: 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Telephones - 35,400 (2005)
main lines in
use:
Telephones - 64,600 (2005)
mobile
cellular:
Telephone general assessment: NA
system: domestic: modern system with microwave radio relay
connections between exchanges
international: country code - 376; landline circuits to
France and Spain
Radio AM 0, FM 15, shortwave 0 (1998)
broadcast
stations:
Radios: 16,000 (1997)
Television 0 (1997)
broadcast
stations:
Televisions: 27,000 (1997)
Internet .ad
country code:
Internet 14,944 (2006)
hosts:
Internet 1 (2000)
Service
Providers
(ISPs):
Internet 21,900 (2005)
users:
Transportation
Roadways: total: 269 km
paved: 198 km
unpaved: 71 km
Military
Military no regular military forces, Police Service of Andorra
branches:
Manpower males age 18-49: 18,418 (2005 est.)
available for
military
service:
Manpower fit males age 18-49: 14,721 (2005 est.)
for military
service:
Manpower males age 18-49: 369 (2005 est.)
reaching
military
service age
annually:
Military - defense is the responsibility of France and Spain
note:
Transnational
Issues
Disputes - none
international: