acetylcholinesterase \acetylcholinesterase\ n. 1. an enzyme which exists in nerve cells and hydrolyses acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid. Note: It is essential for neurotransmission at autonomous synapses and neuromuscular junctions, and its inhibition by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can paralyze or kill an animal. Syn: ACE [PJC]