from
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Oak \Oak\ ([=o]k), n. [OE. oke, ok, ak, AS. [=a]c; akin to D.
eik, G. eiche, OHG. eih, Icel. eik, Sw. ek, Dan. eeg.]
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1. (Bot.) Any tree or shrub of the genus {Quercus}. The oaks
have alternate leaves, often variously lobed, and
staminate flowers in catkins. The fruit is a smooth nut,
called an {acorn}, which is more or less inclosed in a
scaly involucre called the cup or cupule. There are now
recognized about three hundred species, of which nearly
fifty occur in the United States, the rest in Europe,
Asia, and the other parts of North America, a very few
barely reaching the northern parts of South America and
Africa. Many of the oaks form forest trees of grand
proportions and live many centuries. The wood is usually
hard and tough, and provided with conspicuous medullary
rays, forming the silver grain.
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2. The strong wood or timber of the oak.
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Note: Among the true oaks in America are:
{Barren oak}, or
{Black-jack}, {Quercus nigra}.
{Basket oak}, {Quercus Michauxii}.
{Black oak}, {Quercus tinctoria}; -- called also {yellow oak}
or {quercitron oak}.
{Bur oak} (see under {Bur}.), {Quercus macrocarpa}; -- called
also {over-cup} or {mossy-cup oak}.
{Chestnut oak}, {Quercus Prinus} and {Quercus densiflora}.
{Chinquapin oak} (see under {Chinquapin}), {Quercus
prinoides}.
{Coast live oak}, {Quercus agrifolia}, of California; -- also
called {enceno}.
{Live oak} (see under {Live}), {Quercus virens}, the best of
all for shipbuilding; also, {Quercus Chrysolepis}, of
California.
{Pin oak}. Same as {Swamp oak}.
{Post oak}, {Quercus obtusifolia}.
{Red oak}, {Quercus rubra}.
{Scarlet oak}, {Quercus coccinea}.
{Scrub oak}, {Quercus ilicifolia}, {Quercus undulata}, etc.
{Shingle oak}, {Quercus imbricaria}.
{Spanish oak}, {Quercus falcata}.
{Swamp Spanish oak}, or
{Pin oak}, {Quercus palustris}.
{Swamp white oak}, {Quercus bicolor}.
{Water oak}, {Quercus aquatica}.
{Water white oak}, {Quercus lyrata}.
{Willow oak}, {Quercus Phellos}.
[1913 Webster] Among the true oaks in Europe are:
{Bitter oak}, or
{Turkey oak}, {Quercus Cerris} (see {Cerris}).
{Cork oak}, {Quercus Suber}.
{English white oak}, {Quercus Robur}.
{Evergreen oak},
{Holly oak}, or
{Holm oak}, {Quercus Ilex}.
{Kermes oak}, {Quercus coccifera}.
{Nutgall oak}, {Quercus infectoria}.
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Note: Among plants called oak, but not of the genus
{Quercus}, are:
{African oak}, a valuable timber tree ({Oldfieldia
Africana}).
{Australian oak} or {She oak}, any tree of the genus
{Casuarina} (see {Casuarina}).
{Indian oak}, the teak tree (see {Teak}).
{Jerusalem oak}. See under {Jerusalem}.
{New Zealand oak}, a sapindaceous tree ({Alectryon
excelsum}).
{Poison oak}, a shrub once not distinguished from poison ivy,
but now restricted to {Rhus toxicodendron} or {Rhus
diversiloba}.
{Silky oak} or {Silk-bark oak}, an Australian tree
({Grevillea robusta}).
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{Green oak}, oak wood colored green by the growth of the
mycelium of certain fungi.
{Oak apple}, a large, smooth, round gall produced on the
leaves of the American red oak by a gallfly ({Cynips
confluens}). It is green and pulpy when young.
{Oak beauty} (Zool.), a British geometrid moth ({Biston
prodromaria}) whose larva feeds on the oak.
{Oak gall}, a gall found on the oak. See 2d {Gall}.
{Oak leather} (Bot.), the mycelium of a fungus which forms
leatherlike patches in the fissures of oak wood.
{Oak pruner}. (Zool.) See {Pruner}, the insect.
{Oak spangle}, a kind of gall produced on the oak by the
insect {Diplolepis lenticularis}.
{Oak wart}, a wartlike gall on the twigs of an oak.
{The Oaks}, one of the three great annual English horse races
(the Derby and St. Leger being the others). It was
instituted in 1779 by the Earl of Derby, and so called
from his estate.
{To sport one's oak}, to be "not at home to visitors,"
signified by closing the outer (oaken) door of one's
rooms. [Cant, Eng. Univ.]
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from
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Jerusalem \Je*ru"sa*lem\ (j[-e]*r[udd]"s[.a]*l[e^]m), n. [Gr.
'Ieroysalh`m, fr. Heb. Y[e^]r[=u]sh[=a]laim.]
The chief city of Palestine, intimately associated with the
glory of the Jewish nation, and the life and death of Jesus
Christ.
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{Jerusalem artichoke} [Perh. a corrupt. of It. girasole i.e.,
sunflower, or turnsole. See {Gyre}, {Solar}.] (Bot.)
(a) An American plant, a perennial species of sunflower
({Helianthus tuberosus}), whose tubers are sometimes used
as food.
(b) One of the tubers themselves.
{Jerusalem cherry} (Bot.), the popular name of either of two
species of {Solanum} ({Solanum Pseudo-capsicum} and
{Solanum capsicastrum}), cultivated as ornamental house
plants. They bear bright red berries of about the size of
cherries.
{Jerusalem oak} (Bot.), an aromatic goosefoot ({Chenopodium
Botrys}), common about houses and along roadsides.
{Jerusalem sage} (Bot.), a perennial herb of the Mint family
({Phlomis tuberosa}).
{Jerusalem thorn} (Bot.), a spiny, leguminous tree
({Parkinsonia aculeata}), widely dispersed in warm
countries, and used for hedges.
{The New Jerusalem}, Heaven; the Celestial City.
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