El[ae]is Guineensis

Oil \Oil\ (oil), n. [OE. oile, OF. oile, F. huile, fr. L. oleum;
   akin to Gr. ?. Cf. {Olive}.]
   Any one of a great variety of unctuous combustible
   substances, more viscous than and not miscible with water;
   as, olive oil, whale oil, rock oil, etc. They are of animal,
   vegetable, or mineral origin and of varied composition, and
   they are variously used for food, for solvents, for
   anointing, lubrication, illumination, etc. By extension, any
   substance of an oily consistency; as, oil of vitriol.
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   Note: The mineral oils are varieties of petroleum. See
         {Petroleum}. The vegetable oils are of two classes,
         {essential oils} (see under {Essential}), and {natural
         oils} which in general resemble the animal oils and
         fats. Most of the natural oils and the animal oils and
         fats consist of ethereal salts of glycerin, with a
         large number of organic acids, principally stearic,
         oleic, and palmitic, forming respectively stearin,
         olein, and palmitin. Stearin and palmitin prevail in
         the solid oils and fats, and olein in the liquid oils.
         Mutton tallow, beef tallow, and lard are rich in
         stearin, human fat and palm oil in palmitin, and sperm
         and cod-liver oils in olein. In making soaps, the acids
         leave the glycerin and unite with the soda or potash.
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   {Animal oil}, {Bone oil}, {Dipple's oil}, etc. (Old Chem.), a
      complex oil obtained by the distillation of animal
      substances, as bones. See {Bone oil}, under {Bone}.

   {Drying oils}, {Essential oils}. (Chem.) See under {Drying},
      and {Essential}.

   {Ethereal oil of wine}, {Heavy oil of wine}. (Chem.) See
      under {Ethereal}.

   {Fixed oil}. (Chem.) See under {Fixed}.

   {Oil bag} (Zool.), a bag, cyst, or gland in animals,
      containing oil.

   {Oil beetle} (Zool.), any beetle of the genus {Meloe} and
      allied genera. When disturbed they emit from the joints of
      the legs a yellowish oily liquor. Some species possess
      vesicating properties, and are used instead of
      cantharides.

   {Oil box}, or {Oil cellar} (Mach.), a fixed box or reservoir,
      for lubricating a bearing; esp., the box for oil beneath
      the journal of a railway-car axle.

   {Oil cake}. See under {Cake}.

   {Oil cock}, a stopcock connected with an oil cup. See {Oil
      cup}.

   {Oil color}.
   (a) A paint made by grinding a coloring substance in oil.
   (b) Such paints, taken in a general sense.
   (b) a painting made from such a paint.

   {Oil cup}, a cup, or small receptacle, connected with a
      bearing as a lubricator, and usually provided with a wick,
      wire, or adjustable valve for regulating the delivery of
      oil.

   {Oil engine}, a gas engine worked with the explosive vapor of
      petroleum.

   {Oil gas}, inflammable gas procured from oil, and used for
      lighting streets, houses, etc.

   {Oil gland}.
   (a) (Zool.) A gland which secretes oil; especially in birds,
       the large gland at the base of the tail.
   (b) (Bot.) A gland, in some plants, producing oil.

   {Oil green}, a pale yellowish green, like oil.

   {Oil of brick}, empyreumatic oil obtained by subjecting a
      brick soaked in oil to distillation at a high temperature,
      -- used by lapidaries as a vehicle for the emery by which
      stones and gems are sawn or cut. --Brande & C.

   {Oil of talc}, a nostrum made of calcined talc, and famous in
      the 17th century as a cosmetic. [Obs.] --B. Jonson.

   {Oil of vitriol} (Chem.), strong sulphuric acid; -- so called
      from its oily consistency and from its forming the
      vitriols or sulphates.

   {Oil of wine}, [OE]nanthic ether. See under {[OE]nanthic}.

   {Oil painting}.
   (a) The art of painting in oil colors.
   (b) Any kind of painting of which the pigments are originally
       ground in oil.

   {Oil palm} (Bot.), a palm tree whose fruit furnishes oil,
      esp. {Elaeis Guineensis}. See {Elaeis}.

   {Oil sardine} (Zool.), an East Indian herring ({Clupea
      scombrina}), valued for its oil.

   {Oil shark} (Zool.)
   (a) The liver shark.
   (b) The tope.

   {Oil still}, a still for hydrocarbons, esp. for petroleum.

   {Oil test}, a test for determining the temperature at which
      petroleum oils give off vapor which is liable to explode.
      

   {Oil tree}. (Bot.)
   (a) A plant of the genus {Ricinus} ({Ricinus communis}), from
       the seeds of which castor oil is obtained.
   (b) An Indian tree, the mahwa. See {Mahwa}.
   (c) The oil palm.

   {To burn the midnight oil}, to study or work late at night.
      

   {Volatle oils}. See {Essential oils}, under {Essential}.
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Palm \Palm\, n. [AS. palm, L. palma; -- so named fr. the leaf
   resembling a hand. See 1st {Palm}, and cf. {Pam}.]
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   1. (Bot.) Any endogenous tree of the order {Palm[ae]} or
      {Palmace[ae]}; a palm tree.
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   Note: Palms are perennial woody plants, often of majestic
         size. The trunk is usually erect and rarely branched,
         and has a roughened exterior composed of the persistent
         bases of the leaf stalks. The leaves are borne in a
         terminal crown, and are supported on stout, sheathing,
         often prickly, petioles. They are usually of great
         size, and are either pinnately or palmately many-cleft.
         There are about one thousand species known, nearly all
         of them growing in tropical or semitropical regions.
         The wood, petioles, leaves, sap, and fruit of many
         species are invaluable in the arts and in domestic
         economy. Among the best known are the date palm, the
         cocoa palm, the fan palm, the oil palm, the wax palm,
         the palmyra, and the various kinds called cabbage palm
         and palmetto.
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   2. A branch or leaf of the palm, anciently borne or worn as a
      symbol of victory or rejoicing.
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            A great multitude . . . stood before the throne, and
            before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palme
            in their hands.                       --Rev. vii. 9.
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   3. Hence: Any symbol or token of superiority, success, or
      triumph; also, victory; triumph; supremacy. "The palm of
      martyrdom." --Chaucer.
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            So get the start of the majestic world
            And bear the palm alone.              --Shak.
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   {Molucca palm} (Bot.), a labiate herb from Asia ({Molucella
      l[ae]vis}), having a curious cup-shaped calyx.

   {Palm cabbage}, the terminal bud of a cabbage palm, used as
      food.

   {Palm cat} (Zool.), the common paradoxure.

   {Palm crab} (Zool.), the purse crab.

   {Palm oil}, a vegetable oil, obtained from the fruit of
      several species of palms, as the African oil palm
      ({El[ae]is Guineensis}), and used in the manufacture of
      soap and candles. See {El[ae]is}.

   {Palm swift} (Zool.), a small swift ({Cypselus Batassiensis})
      which frequents the palmyra and cocoanut palms in India.
      Its peculiar nest is attached to the leaf of the palmyra
      palm.

   {Palm toddy}. Same as {Palm wine}.

   {Palm weevil} (Zool.), any one of mumerous species of very
      large weevils of the genus {Rhynchophorus}. The larv[ae]
      bore into palm trees, and are called {palm borers}, and
      {grugru worms}. They are considered excellent food.

   {Palm wine}, the sap of several species of palms, especially,
      in India, of the wild date palm ({Ph[oe]nix sylvestrix}),
      the palmyra, and the {Caryota urens}. When fermented it
      yields by distillation arrack, and by evaporation jaggery.
      Called also {palm toddy}.

   {Palm worm}, or {Palmworm}. (Zool.)
      (a) The larva of a palm weevil.
      (b) A centipede.
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