from
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Section \Sec"tion\, n. [L. sectio, fr. secare, sectum, to cut;
akin to E. saw a cutting instrument: cf. F. section. See
{Saw}, and cf. {Scion}, {Dissect}, {Insect}, {Secant},
{Segment}.]
1. The act of cutting, or separation by cutting; as, the
section of bodies.
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2. A part separated from something; a division; a portion; a
slice. Specifically:
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(a) A distinct part or portion of a book or writing; a
subdivision of a chapter; the division of a law or
other writing; a paragraph; an article; hence, the
character [sect], often used to denote such a
division.
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It is hardly possible to give a distinct view of
his several arguments in distinct sections.
--Locke.
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(b) A distinct part of a country or people, community,
class, or the like; a part of a territory separated by
geographical lines, or of a people considered as
distinct.
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The extreme section of one class consists of
bigoted dotards, the extreme section of the
other consists of shallow and reckless empirics.
--Macaulay.
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(c) One of the portions, of one square mile each, into
which the public lands of the United States are
divided; one thirty-sixth part of a township. These
sections are subdivided into quarter sections for sale
under the homestead and preemption laws.
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3. (Geom.) The figure made up of all the points common to a
superficies and a solid which meet, or to two superficies
which meet, or to two lines which meet. In the first case
the section is a superficies, in the second a line, and in
the third a point.
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4. (Nat. Hist.) A division of a genus; a group of species
separated by some distinction from others of the same
genus; -- often indicated by the sign [sect].
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5. (Mus.) A part of a musical period, composed of one or more
phrases. See {Phrase}.
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6. The description or representation of anything as it would
appear if cut through by any intersecting plane; depiction
of what is beyond a plane passing through, or supposed to
pass through, an object, as a building, a machine, a
succession of strata; profile.
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Note: In mechanical drawing, as in these Illustrations of a
cannon, a longitudinal section (a) usually represents
the object as cut through its center lengthwise and
vertically; a cross or transverse section (b), as cut
crosswise and vertically; and a horizontal section (c),
as cut through its center horizontally. Oblique
sections are made at various angles. In architecture, a
vertical section is a drawing showing the interior, the
thickness of the walls, etc., as if made on a vertical
plane passed through a building.
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{Angular sections} (Math.), a branch of analysis which treats
of the relations of sines, tangents, etc., of arcs to the
sines, tangents, etc., of their multiples or of their
parts. [R.]
{Conic sections}. (Geom.) See under {Conic}.
{Section liner} (Drawing), an instrument to aid in drawing a
series of equidistant parallel lines, -- used in
representing sections.
{Thin section}, a section or slice, as of mineral, animal, or
vegetable substance, thin enough to be transparent, and
used for study under the microscope.
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Syn: Part; portion; division.
Usage: {Section}, {Part}. The English more commonly apply the
word section to a part or portion of a body of men;
as, a section of the clergy, a small section of the
Whigs, etc. In the United States this use is less
common, but another use, unknown or but little known
in England, is very frequent, as in the phrases "the
eastern section of our country," etc., the same sense
being also given to the adjective sectional; as,
sectional feelings, interests, etc.
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from
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Mathematics \Math`e*mat"ics\, n. [F. math['e]matiques, pl., L.
mathematica, sing., Gr. ? (sc. ?) science. See {Mathematic},
and {-ics}.]
That science, or class of sciences, which treats of the exact
relations existing between quantities or magnitudes, and of
the methods by which, in accordance with these relations,
quantities sought are deducible from other quantities known
or supposed; the science of spatial and quantitative
relations.
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Note: Mathematics embraces three departments, namely: 1.
{Arithmetic}. 2. {Geometry}, including {Trigonometry}
and {Conic Sections}. 3. {Analysis}, in which letters
are used, including {Algebra}, {Analytical Geometry},
and {Calculus}. Each of these divisions is divided into
pure or abstract, which considers magnitude or quantity
abstractly, without relation to matter; and mixed or
applied, which treats of magnitude as subsisting in
material bodies, and is consequently interwoven with
physical considerations.
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from
The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48
Conic \Con"ic\, Conical \Con"ic*al\, a. [Gr. ?: cf. F. conique.
See {Cone}.]
1. Having the form of, or resembling, a geometrical cone;
round and tapering to a point, or gradually lessening in
circumference; as, a conic or conical figure; a conical
vessel.
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2. Of or pertaining to a cone; as, conic sections.
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{Conic section} (Geom.), a curved line formed by the
intersection of the surface of a right cone and a plane.
The conic sections are the parabola, ellipse, and
hyperbola. The right lines and the circle which result
from certain positions of the plane are sometimes, though
not generally included.
{Conic sections}, that branch of geometry which treats of the
parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola.
{Conical pendulum}. See {Pendulum}.
{Conical projection}, a method of delineating the surface of
a sphere upon a plane surface as if projected upon the
surface of a cone; -- much used by makers of maps in
Europe.
{Conical surface} (Geom.), a surface described by a right
line moving along any curve and always passing through a
fixed point that is not in the plane of that curve.
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